European Union businesses are increasingly expressing their apprehensions about China’s data laws, citing concerns about their lack of clarity and the extensive processes that companies have to navigate, according to European Commission Vice President Vera Jourova. In a move in July, China broadened its counter-espionage law to prohibit the transfer of any information related to national security and interests. However, what adds to the uncertainty is that these critical terms are not adequately defined, making it challenging for businesses to determine the boundaries set by the law.

Moreover, the definition of spying has been expanded to include cyberattacks against state organs or critical infrastructure, adding another layer of complexity and ambiguity.

Chinese President Xi Jinping’s growing emphasis on national security, especially the crackdown on consultancies and due diligence firms, has left many foreign companies unsure about where they might cross the line of the law. This lack of clarity regarding what constitutes important data and how the law could be contravened is a significant cause for concern.

Another aspect adding to the complexity is the prolonged time taken to complete procedural matters; some processes reportedly extend up to 45 days, and often even longer. These factors create a challenging environment for businesses trying to navigate China’s evolving data laws and regulatory landscape.

Jourova, speaking after co-chairing the first EU-China High-level Digital Dialogue in three years, highlighted the necessity for clear communication channels between China and Europe, particularly in areas of disagreement. She emphasized the importance of China and Europe maintaining open communication in various degrees, considering that China plays roles as a partner, competitor, and systemic rival.

In late July, the Chinese commerce ministry briefed representatives from the US, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and several foreign firms about the new anti-espionage law. The ministry stated that China is committed to creating a fair, transparent, and predictable business environment.

However, the lack of clarity and well-defined parameters in the data laws continues to be a source of anxiety for EU businesses operating in or with China. To address this, Jourova suggested creating an information link that would help EU businesses understand the law better and ensure compliance, demonstrating the need for enhanced transparency and a clearer regulatory framework in this evolving digital landscape.